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Availability growth models and verification of power equipment

Jinyuan SHI, Jiamin XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 529-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0624-0

摘要： The general availability growth models for large scale complicated repairable system such as electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are presented. The calculation formulas for the maintenance coefficient, mathematical expressions for general availability growth models, ways for estimating, and fitting on checking the parameters of the model are introduced. Availability growth models for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are given together with verification examples for availability growth models of 320–1000 MW nuclear power units and 1000 MW thermal power units, 200–1000 MW power station auxiliaries, and 220–500 kV transmission and distribution installations. The verification results for operation availability data show that the maintenance coefficients for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, transmission and distribution installations conform to the power function, and general availability growth models conform to rules of availability growth tendency of power equipment.

关键词： repairable system power equipment electric generating unit power station auxiliary transmission and distribution installation reliability availability availability growth model

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海洋核动力装备国内外发展现况与前景展望

郑洁,余凡,朱军民,柳存根,王欣月,朱英富

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 62-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.007

摘要：

海洋核动力装备是解决深远海资源开发中持久动力能源供给、海洋领域“碳减排”等问题的重要支撑。我国作为核电大国、海洋大国，虽然在核工业和海洋装备产业领域具有较好的优势基础，但在民用海洋核动力装备领域尚未实现“从零到一”的突破。本文基于对国内外海洋核动力装备发展实践研究，总结了海洋核动力装备的优势特性和技术策源，分析了未来海洋核动力装备发展的应用场景和主要趋势，厘清了我国发展海洋核动力装备的战略需求与问题，并提出了相关发展建议。研究认为海洋核动力装备总体呈现由军用向民用拓展、由陆地向海洋拓展的发展趋势，技术策源以紧凑型和一体化压水堆为主，装备类型近期将聚焦于海上浮动核电站和核动力破冰船。研究建议，通过顶层规划明确我国海洋核动力装备发展的重点应用场景，通过建立示范工程形成与发展需求相匹配的法规标准和监管制度等措施，突破海洋堆系统建造和核动力平台总装建造等方面的关键技术，推动海洋核动力装备高质量发展。

关键词：海洋核动力装备；小型模块化反应堆；压水堆；核动力船舶；海上浮动核电站

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基于产业链视角的我国风电设备产业商业模式创新研究

胡绪华,时方艳,徐骏杰

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 88-95

摘要：

本文从产业链的视角分析了我国风电设备产业零部件制造、整机组装、运营服务等环节的发展状况，并借助于宏观环境分析方法（即PEST分析方法）讨论了我国风电设备产业商业模式的战略格局，进一步结合我国风电设备产业的市场细分差别化设计商业模式创新的细分型、整合型、收缩型和扩张型四大模式。最后，提出了保障风电设备产业商业模式创新的政策建议。

关键词：风电设备产业；商业模式创新；产业链；PEST分析

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中等功率条件下提高齿轮减速器的热效率研究

胡如夫,张东速

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第4期页码 72-76

摘要：

热功率是选用齿轮减速器时需要考虑的重要性能指标，热功率的大小决定了齿轮减速器在热平衡温度下工作的功率利用率。提高热功率有利于高齿轮减速器的工作效率，减少能源的浪费。推导了单级齿轮减速器试验台的效率计算公式，用试验方法对减速器的热功率进行了测算，开发了具有良好散热效果的板块式和列管式散热装置，在此基础上，从齿轮减速器设计、制造和润滑等方面分析了提高齿轮减速器热功率的措施。

关键词：减速器热功率热效率散热装置

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智能动力装备的全生命周期诊断和服务技术与系统研制

徐光华,梁霖,张庆,景敏卿,温广瑞,高志勇,金颖,李文海

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 79-86

摘要：

动力装备作为复杂机电系统具有应用范围广、连续作业、点多线长、危险因素众多的突出特点，针对目前动力装备存在的全生命周期监测诊断技术缺乏、智能化水平不高、服务支持不足的问题，研究开发了智能动力装备的全生命周期监测和服务支持系统。围绕动力装备全生命周期监测诊断和全生命周期性能优化、维修备件服务构建系统平台，研究了系统中的信息采集管理，动态自适应监测，健康状态预示与评估，故障预警和快速智能诊断、转子远程及现场快速动平衡维护以及智能维修决策等关键技术，最后在用户企业构建动力装备产品全生命周期监测与服务支持的示范基地，为客户提供诊断分析、状态评估、全生命周期设备管理、维修决策支持服务。

关键词：动力装备诊断和服务全生命周期

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Web-based construction equipment fleet management system: cost-effective global and local allocation

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017012

摘要： Over the last two decades, construction contractors have been gradually making more investments in construction equipment to meet their needs associated with increasing volumes of construction projects. At present, from an operational perspective, almost all contractors pay more attention to maintaining their equipment fleets in well-sustained workable conditions and having a high accessibility of the necessary equipment pieces. However, such an approach alone is not enough to maintain an efficient and sustainable business. In particular, for large-scale construction companies that operate in multiple sites in the U.S. or overseas, the problem extends to an optimal allocation of available equipment. Given the current state of the construction industry in the U.S., this problem can be solved by geographically locating equipment pieces and then wisely re-allocating them among projects. Identifying equipment pieces geographically is a relatively easy task. The difficulty arises when informed decision-making is required for equipment allocation among job sites. The actual allocation of equipment should be both economically feasible and technologically preferable. To help in informed decision-making, an optimization model is developed as a mixed integer program. This model is formed based on a previously successfully developed decision-support model for construction equipment selection. The proposed model incorporates logical strategies of supply chain management to optimally select construction equipment for any construction site while taking into account the costs, availability, and transportation-related issues as constraints. The model benefits those responsible for informed decision-making for construction equipment selection and allocation. It also benefits the owners of construction companies, owing to its cost-minimization objective.

关键词： Construction equipment Equipment assignment optimization Web-based asset management

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武器装备完好性评价方法研究

俞翔,杜刚,何其伟

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第5期页码 76-82

摘要：

武器装备完好性评价对于装备的精细化、科学化使用管理和维修保障具有重要意义，而目前的评价方法在时效性、精确性以及任务匹配度等方面都与新形势新要求不相适应。针对这一问题，提出了基于设备技术状态的装备完好性评价方法，通过对某型驱逐舰的完好性模拟评价，验证了该方法的可行性，并提出了进一步完善装备完好性评价方法和机制的对策建议。

关键词：装备完好性；技术状态；装备维修保障；对策建议

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面向高端装备制造业的高端制造装备需求趋势分析

张俊,卢秉恒

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 136-141 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.019

摘要：

高端制造装备是高端装备制造业快速发展的基础，本文针对航空装备、航天装备、轨道交通装备、海洋工程装备、智能制造装备等高端装备制造业的“十三五”发展趋势，分析了各领域对高端机床和高端基础制造装备提出的新需求和未来的发展重点，并结合我国制造装备行业的现状，提出了几点建议，以促进我国高端装备制造业的良性发展。

关键词：高端装备制造业高端制造装备机床基础制造装备

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透明电网理论框架与关键技术

李立浧,蔡泽祥,唐文虎,张勇军,张俊勃,武志刚,阳林,韩永霞,管霖

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第4期页码 32-43 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.025

摘要： strong>Corresponding author:Yang Lin is an associate professor from the School of Electric PowerHismajor research field is the safety assessment and defense strategy of power transmission and transformationequipment under climate change.

关键词：透明电网能源生态圈新型电力系统能源转型小微传感器智能装备

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Analyzing sustainability of construction equipment in the state of California

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI, Mohammad MOZAFFARPOUR

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 138-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017013

摘要： Construction equipment encompasses highly polluting machines adversely affecting the environment. Management tools are necessary for sustainability assessment of construction equipment fleets to allow contractors to reduce their emissions and comply with local or federal regulations. In addition to management tools, there is a need for a metrics that will allow companies to accurately assess the sustainability of their construction equipment fleets. The State of California USA is adopting innovative approaches to reduce adverse impact of humans on the environment. Once successfully implemented, the chances are that such practices attract other states to adopt similar approaches. This paper presents an evaluation of construction equipment fleets and data analysis. When measured and recorded, such results can be used along with decision-support tools for selection and utilization of construction equipment. The metrics for construction equipment evaluation as well as the tool for sustainable decision-making are developed based on readily available data from manufacturers or maintenance shops without a need for additional effort by contractors or government agencies for their adoption. The metrics developed and the decision support tool incorporate logical strategies of supply chain management for optimal selection of construction equipment for construction site while taking into account the availability, cost, and mobilization related constraints. The metrics and the model can benefit both the government agencies responsible for inspection of fleets and owners of construction companies in their decision-making processes related to environmental sustainability.

关键词： Construction equipment greenhouse gas emissions sustainability index sustainable construction

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航空动力强国发展战略研究

向巧,黄劲东,胡晓煜,晏武英,侯薇

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 106-112 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.013

摘要：

航空动力是航空器的“心脏”，发展水平反映了国家综合国力、工业基础和科技水平；开展航空动力强国发展战略研究对实施科技强国、制造强国战略，推动我国制造业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文从推动强国建设、保障绿色发展、实现创新驱动发展的角度系统研判了航空动力发展的重大价值，凝练总结了航空动力发达国家的发展经验。在概括我国航空动力行业发展态势的基础上，剖析行业发展面临的急迫问题，据此提出建设航空动力强国的内涵、目标，重点从先进产品研制、重大基础设施、共性关键技术、基础技术研究等方面阐述行业具体发展途径。研究提出了健全政策法规体系、深化行业体制改革、优化行业运行机制、完善人才培养体系等建议，以此推动我国航空动力领域高质量发展。

关键词：航空动力动力强国强国战略装备制造

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我国海洋油气装备发展战略研究

程兵,付强 ,李清平 ,刘一斌 ,朱琳 ,吴英

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 13-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.002

摘要：

海洋油气装备是开发海洋油气、建设海洋强国的国之重器，近年来中国的海洋油气装备取得了一系列突破，正在实现面向超深水的跨越，但仍然存在一定的不足。本文全面分析和总结了海洋油气勘探装备、钻井装备、施工装备、生产装备的全球发展现状和国内发展水平，分析了我国海洋油气装备领域的发展差距，并提出了各个领域未来的重点发展方向。研究提出了我国海洋油气装备未来的发展目标，并提出了无人化、智能化、标准化发展实现常规海洋装备产业的升级；超前部署3000 米级超深水油气田开发技术和装备体系，制定关键核心装备清单，加快核心装备的突破；加快水下生产装备的国产化应用；加快实现浮式液化天然气设施（FLNG）的突破，打造大国重器；加强海洋装备测试及认证体系建设，助力“首台套”装备的应用；探索海洋油气装备与海上新能源融合发展等战略建议，以期为我国未来的海洋油气装备发展战略提供参考。

关键词：海洋油气；勘探装备；钻井装备；施工装备；生产装备

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Proposing a “lean and green” framework for equipment cost analysis in construction

Ming LU, Nicolas DIAZ, Monjurul HASAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 384-394 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0033-4

摘要： One limitation of previous productivity-driven research on equipment selection and operation simulation lies in the fact that the green aspects of construction activities have been largely neglected in analysis of costefficiency of construction operations. On the other hand, studies attempting to measure greenhouse gas emission due to construction activities have yet to develop a methodology that correlates their findings and implications with construction productivity. In order to address the immediate need for improving the sustainability performance of construction projects, it is imperative for the construction industry to evaluate greenhouse gas emission as a cost factor in construction planning, equipment selection, and cost estimating. In this context, this paper formalizes an integrative framework for equipment cost analysis based on the concepts of lean construction and green construction, aimed to guide the selection of appropriate construction equipment considering exhaust emission and productivity performance at the same time. The framework is elaborated in earthwork construction in order to evaluate the impact of greenhouse gas emission in estimating equipment hourly rates and assessing greenness and sustainability for alternative equipment options.

关键词： green construction lean construction equipment simulation earthwork construction sustainability productivity

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Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg

Zude ZHOU, Desheng JIANG, Quan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 5-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0011-3

摘要： This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBGS) mechanical equipment operation safety embedded technology high-speed demodulation digital monitoring health diagnosis

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Artificial lift equipment repairing techniques in Daqing Oilfield

He LIU, Guochen SHI, Cui WANG, Peijing SHI, Yi XU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 111-117 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0081-2

摘要： To date, there are more than 60000 wells in Daqing Oilfield including injectors and producers. The annual investment is 1.07 billion RMB in the maintenance of artificial lift equipment, which is a heavy burden for the sustainable development of Daqing Oilfield. After years of study, a series of repairing techniques for artificial lift equipment have been created, which saved 0.5 billion RMB per year, leading to remarkable benefits and efficiency as well.This paper first presents the background of artificial lift equipment repairing technique in Daqing Oilfield. Then, a detailed introduction is given about the development history and current situation of key repairing technology, including the oil tube, rod string, and suck-rod pump. With reference to the study result in automobile and military territory remanufacturing technology, this paper analyzes the situation of artificial lift repairing techniques and evaluates the development direction and tendency of this field for a mature oilfield in the future.

关键词： artificial lift equipment repairing technique remanufacturing technique Daqing Oilfield